ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. This disorder is associated with abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin concentration in blood is below the expected value, when age, gender, pregnancy and certain environmental factors, such as altitude, are taken into account. There is an increasing number of patients with diabetes who have been found to be anemic without any evidence of any chronic renal disease. The aim of the study: To compare the hemoglobin levels among normal controls and patients with type 2 diabetes, to correlate the levels of hemoglobin with the degree of glycemic control (HbAlc >7 g% vs. HbAlc <7 g%), to detect the unrecognized cases of anemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials methods: The total sample size of the present study is 90 among which, 30 were healthy controls, 30 were better glycemic controlled T2DM patients (HbAlc < 7 g%) and 30 were poorly glycemic controlled T2DM patients (HbAlc >7 g%). Blood samples were collected from all the subjects for the estimation of Hb%, HbAlc, FBS, PPBS, Blood Urea, and Serum Creatinine. Results: There was a significant decrease in the hemoglobin percentage in the diabetic group compared to the healthy controls. Among diabetics, the better glycemic control group had a significantly higher hemoglobin percentage. The Hemoglobin percentage among controls, better glycemic control T2DM patients and Poor glycemic control T2DM patients was 13.44 ± 1.38, 12.27 ± A. Valarmathil, R. Aravind Kumar. Prevalence of anemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in correlation with HbA1c levels a prospective study. IAIM, 2018; 5(9): 21-27. Page 22 1.75 and 11.4 ± 1.81 respectively. The HbAlc percentage among controls, better glycemic control T2DM patients and Poor glycemic control T2DM patients was 6.08 ± 0.23, 6.64 ± 0.18 and 8.4 ± 1.21 respectively. There was no significant difference with respect to age, demographic characteristics and renal profile (Blood Urea and Serum Creatinine) among the groups. Conclusion: To conclude Anemia is a common finding in Diabetic patients compared to the general population. Further good glycemic control in T2DM will lead to a better hemoglobin percentage in T2DM patients. Among the diabetic group, the better glycemic control group had a better hemoglobin percentage which was statistically significant
ABSTRACT
Background: Most existing accounts of hemoglobin values in healthy premature infants covering the early weeks of life were written before many of the errors of such determinations were recognized. Because of these limitations, it was decided to review the normal values for the first three months of life. The results were compared with a small series of readings made on a group of healthy, full-term infants. Aim: To compare hemoglobin and packed volume levels in term and preterm babies. Materials and methods: Sixty pregnant women who came from in and around Chidambaram who fulfilled the inclusion criteria during the period from July 2001 to March 2002 were included in this study. Among them, 50 delivered at term (37 to 42 weeks) and the rest delivered prematurely (< 37 weeks). Hemoglobin and packed cell volume as measured by standardized technique. The results were analyzed accordingly. Results: The estimated mean hemoglobin concentration of the term babies was 10.88 gm% with the standard deviation of 1.5 gm%. For preterm babies, the mean hemoglobin concentration was 10.33 gm% with the standard deviation of 2 gm%. The mean calculated packed cell volume (PCV) of the term babies was 34.03% and the standard deviation was found to be 5%. The mean packed cell R. Manimozhi Malathi, S. Ramesh, R. Aravind Kumar. Comparative study of hemoglobin and packed volume levels in term and preterm babies delivered in RMMCH. IAIM, 2018; 5(9): 54-57. Page 55 volume of the premature babies in the present study was found to be 32.75% with the standard deviation of 6.5%. Conclusion: Anemia of prematurity is a multifactorial anemia characterized by low levels of erythropoietin (EPO), iatrogenic blood loss, low circulating blood volume and lack of erythropoiesis. It is a problem due to the high incidence, associated symptoms and increased transfusion requirements. It is a normochromic normocytic anemia hypo-regenerative that occurs between the 2nd and 6th weeks of age in premature infants with gestational age (GA) up to 35 weeks.